อัปเดต 2026-09-07

Minor losses & fittings

K-factors

Bends, tees, entrances, expansions and other fittings add minor losses, entered as K-factors or equivalent lengths.

ค่าที่ต้องกรอก

ค่า	คำอธิบาย
K-factor	Loss coefficient per fitting; summed on the pipe.
Equivalent length	Alternative — expressed as extra pipe length.

คำนวณอย่างไร

Each fitting adds a velocity-head loss K·v²/2g on top of the pipe friction; an equivalent length converts that same K into extra pipe.

สมการ

Minor (fitting) loss

h_{m} = K \frac{v ^{2}}{2 g}

K = sum of fitting loss coefficients on the pipe.

Equivalent length

L_{e q} = K \frac{D}{f}

The extra straight-pipe length that would give the same loss as the fittings.

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