อัปเดต 2026-09-07

Condensate Load & Flash Steam

Spirax-Sarco / TLV steam-engineering method

Flash-steam mass fraction when saturated condensate throttles from a higher pressure P1 to a lower pressure P2, plus the two classic condensate-load components: start-up warm-up load and steady running load.

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Pure enthalpy balance on saturated-liquid/vapor properties h_f and h_fg pulled directly from the IAPWS-IF97 steam-tables module (saturationFromP) — no new water-property correlation is derived here, only a closed-form energy split.

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Flash-steam mass fraction

x_{f l a s h} = \frac{h _{f, P 1} - h _{f, P 2}}{h _{f g, P 2}}

Excess sensible enthalpy the condensate cannot retain as liquid at P2, divided by the latent heat available at P2. Spirax-Sarco "Steam and Condensate Loop" Block 2.2 / TLV flash-steam calculator. Validation anchor: 7 barg → atmospheric gives x=13.40% (this module, IAPWS-IF97 precision) vs the ≈13% published chart figure.

Warm-up (start-up) condensate load

m ˙_{co n d} = \frac{m C _{p} Δ T}{h _{f g} t}

Condensate formed bringing mass m (metal/fluid) with specific heat Cp through temperature rise ΔT in time t; h_fg taken at the steam supply pressure. Spirax-Sarco Block 2.11 (heating coils/jackets).

Running (operating) condensate load

m ˙_{co n d} = \frac{Q _{h e a t}}{h _{f g}}

Steady condensate rate matching a continuous process heat duty Q_heat. Spirax-Sarco Blocks 2.12–2.13.

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